基于聚类层次分析模型的社区老年活动场所研究——以福州市中心城区为例

 作为老年人生活空间的重要组成部分，社区老年活动场所的建设须考虑老年人的活动特点和需求。以福州市中心城区的典型社区老年活动场所为例，采用OD调查法与相关分析法等确定了影响社区老年活动场所到访量的因子，并以SD法、德尔菲法等确定各影响因子的权重值，最终构建社区老年活动场所聚类层次分析评价模型，以评价各类型的社区老年活动场所。     

基于MODIS-NDVI汶川震中区域十年后植被恢复的时空变化特征分析

为分析研究受汶川地震影响下茂县、汶川以及都江堰三县的植被动态恢复状况,通过对中分辨率成像光谱仪-植被指数(MODIS-NDVI)时间序列数据计算2007～2017年各年的植被覆盖度,进一步计算2009～2012年以及2013～2017年植被覆盖恢复率,并结合地形地貌、地质构造、地质灾害、植被类型和人类活动等影响因素探讨该地区植被恢复的时空差异变化。结果表明:研究区植被在2007～2017年这10年内随着时间逐渐恢复,且恢复较好,但震中区域差异明显;结合实地调查滑坡数据,得知研究区与滑坡区植被恢复都表现出明显的滞后性;海拔和道路距离与植被恢复面积比分别存在显著的相关性;不同坡向上的植被恢复面积比也存在差异;研究区内地质构造复杂的区域地质灾害频发,灾害密度越大,植被恢复显著点较少;由于各种植被类型的特性不同,导致植被恢复的快慢不同,其中草甸、针叶林、阔叶林及灌丛自然恢复速率较快。可见,研究区内植被恢复受到自然与人为等多种因素影响,震后绝大部分区域植被在10年内恢复到震前水平,但部分区域需要人类进行政策保护,研究结果可为地震灾后植被恢复的决策干预提供理论支撑。     

单环刺螠不同部位中纤溶酶的分离纯化及其活性差异

对单环刺螠不同部位中的纤溶酶(UFE)进行分离纯化,并比较其活性差异.选择单环刺螠体壁肌、内脏、体腔液作为UFE的提取来源,通过离心分离、SephacrylS 100凝胶柱层析、Q-Sepharose fast flow阴离子交换层析等工艺获得UFE单一组分,采用Folin-酚试剂法测定其酶活性,并研究UFE对AT-Ⅲ,HC-Ⅱ,凝血因子和钙离子的影响,验证不同部位UFE的活性差异.结果表明:从秋季单环刺螠体腔液中提取的总蛋白质量为39.8 mg,UFE的比活力为4 695.94 mkat·g^-1,纯化倍数为13.8,明显优于内脏和体壁肌的提取所得;在抗凝作用实验中,加入体腔液中所得UFE后,标准血浆、乏AT-Ⅲ血浆和乏HC-Ⅱ血浆凝血酶原时间、凝血酶时间均极显著延长,加入不同浓度氯化钙后,能显著延长凝血时间,同时,能够极显著降低凝血因子Ⅴ,Ⅶ,Ⅷ,Ⅸ,Ⅹ,Ⅻ的活性及大鼠血液中的钙离子浓度;不同部位来源的UFE活性有较大差异,与内脏及体壁肌相比,体腔液为UFE更优提取部位.     

Observations of water-flea Daphnia magna and avian fecalia in rock pools: is traditional natural history reporting still relevant for science?

Unexpected observation of freshwater invertebrate Daphnia magna in temporary rock pools on a small island off the Norwegian Atlantic coast confirms colonising ability, mediated through avian dispersal. Robust diapausal eggs of D. magna pass the gut of migrating geese and subsequently hatch in environments where such waterfowl forage and rest along migrating routes. The incubation experiment demonstrates that decomposing fecalia of geese constitute sufficient feed to support developing populations of D. magna in experimental oligotrophic conditions. The findings also show that D. magna is highly adapted for colonisation of temporary pools north of the Arctic Polar Circle, with excellent tolerance to low temperatures. Discussion part I relates the findings to published evidence on avian transport of invertebrate propagules, such as correlations between migration patterns of waterfowl and geographical patterns of aquatic invertebrate diversity. Discussion part II reflects on academic cultures, epistemological aspects of natural history reporting, the presence of a whale cadaver as an ecological indicator and the relevance of simple observation as a starting point for further discourse.     

住宅中儿童活动空间设计方法

住宅发展致力于解决住户最基本的生活问题,直到近年来住宅多样化,才出现儿童房等功能分区。然而,儿童活动空间仍未得到住户与设计者足够的重视。由此,试图通过分析儿童在住宅内的行为习惯与设计存在的问题,归纳其需求。在此基础上,研究文献,结合实际提出儿童活动空间的位置选择,家具布置方法,提出可持续设计建议。     

BAF预处理微污染水源水反冲洗试验研究

文章采用曝气生物滤池(BAF)预处理微污染水源水,对反冲洗参数、最佳反冲洗工况下出水SS和不同挂膜方法下系统反冲洗前后生物量变化进行了试验研究。试验结果表明:气冲洗强度、水漂洗时间、气预冲洗时间分别是反冲洗前后滤池生物活性变化率、反冲洗结束时出水浊度及反冲洗能耗的最大影响因素;BAF预处理微污染水源水最佳反冲洗工艺条件如下:气冲洗强度为7.5L/(s·m2),气预冲洗时间为6min,水冲洗强度为1.5L/(s·m2),气水联合冲洗时间为4.5min,水漂洗时间为4min。在最佳反冲洗工况下,反冲洗出水SS变化基本与反冲洗出水浊度变化相吻合;反冲洗前后,接种挂膜、自然挂膜下系统生物量分别减少27.43%、21.44%。     

Elucidating the diel and seasonal calling behaviour of Elachistocleis matogrosso (Anura: Microhylidae)

ABSTRACT

Acoustic monitoring provides the opportunity to study ecological processes that are difficult to assess with traditional surveys. Elachistocleis matogrosso is an anuran species, described in 2010, for which limited biological information is available. This study investigated the calling activity of the species in the north-eastern portion of the Pantanal, Brazil, a wetland area with marked seasonality between the dry and wet seasons. The calling activity of E. matogrosso was monitored using automated digital recorders in combination with automated signal recognition software over two different annual cycles. The species was vocally active only during the wet season (October – April), with a peak in November-December during the 2013–2014 annual cycle and in February-March during the 2015–2016 annual cycle. The peak calling activity occurred at dusk. This species has nocturnal habits and an explosive breeding activity. The detection of the species was intermittent, which suggests that environmental predictors or site-specific conditions might play an important role in species detection. Moreover, this intermittent occupancy indicated that surveys that employ traditional field techniques would likely fail to detect this species. We describe an effective protocol for detecting E. matogrosso with acoustic monitoring, which requires recording during 20 days in February from 17:01 to 05:00. Our procedure would be easy to adapt to other anuran species, and it could be used for investigating new localities and assessing population changes over time.     

公共图书馆如何吸引读者参与读者活动

近年来,政府加大了对公共图书馆事业的投入力度,公共图书馆不再仅限于传统的图书借还功能,组织举办读者活动已成为图书馆的重点工作. 分析了公共图书馆举办的读者活动引不起读者兴趣的原因,提出了解决这一问题的对策和建议.     

智能机器人意识问题的各种解答与我见

智能机器人是否有意识甚或有人的意识?解答这个问题的关键在于把握意识的本质。由于迄今对意识还是众说纷纭,这就意味着从不同的意识观出发,会对问题形成多种解答。这些已有的或潜在的解答经逐一辨析可知,每一个都不能令人满意。与之不同,若从我的信息意识观出发可有好效果,它将意识定义为脑的信息性活动,可以克服以往各种意识观的片面性问题。同时说明,能进行信息性活动的智能机器人也是有意识的。人脑的信息性活动在功能上,不仅能反映,还能感想、反思、想象和决定。智能机器人的意识也能反映、感想、反思、决定,唯独不能想象。并且,它的感想、反映、反思和决定也不如人类的这些意识功能。这些都是智能机器人的意识与人的意识的质差。     

You are what you eat: native versus exotic Crotalaria species (Fabaceae) as host plants of the Ornate Bella Moth,Utetheisa ornatrix (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae)

Crotalaria plants and Utetheisa ornatrix are closely linked to each other: the larvae destroy the seeds, while the moth depends on hostplants for alkaloids. To better understand the ongoing co-evolution, the present study examines how native hostplants compare to exotic ones. Leaf-feeding on Crotalaria pumila, C. rotundifolia, and C. incana, native to the moth’s range, led to faster larval development than on the exotic C. lanceolata, C. spectabilis, and C. pallida. Seed-feeding on all species of Crotalaria led to accelerated larval development and a resultant larger adult moth, and correlates with a higher nitrogen content in the plant tissues. These results add a novel dimension to the previous studies of reproductive biology of this model organism. In controlled settings, mature larvae showed preference for leaves of C. spectabilis over those of other species, perhaps due to the higher alkaloid content. Differences in morphology and phenology of Crotalaria determine the ecology of U. ornatrix populations in Florida. The introduction of novel hostplants, on which U. ornatrix can have a significant negative effect and which are of concern to humans as invasive toxic weeds, has greatly expanded the niche occupied by this moth. Possible co-evolution of Utetheisa sensu lato and plant defences in the genus Crotalaria is discussed.